instead：作副词意思是代替；反而。

however：作副词意思有然而；无论如何；不管多么。作连词意思是不管怎样。

Instead, she set her jaw grimly and waited in silence

相反，她一脸严肃，面部紧绷，一声不吭地等着。

Instead, the session has sowed confusion.

相反，这次会议却引发了混乱。

He wanted to take no risks, however small.

他多小的风险也不想冒。

There would be some benefit, however indirect, to the state.

国家会得到一些利益，不管有多少。