处罚用英语通常翻译为 "punishment". 来源方面，"punishment" 这个词来自于拉丁语 "poena"，意思是处罚、惩罚或责罚。

例句：

If you break the law, you will face punishment. 如果你违反了法律，你将面临处罚。

The punishment for murder is life imprisonment. 谋杀罪的处罚是终身监禁。

Some people believe that the death penalty is the only appropriate punishment for certain crimes. 一些人认为死刑是某些罪行唯一恰当的处罚。