1.OnOpenPolicy

Theopenpolicymeansthatourcountryisopentoinvestment,tradeandtechnicalandeconomiccooperationwithothercountriesonthebasisofequalityandmutualbenefit.Thepurposeofopenpolicyistoacquireadvancedtechnology,managementskillstoserveoursocialistconstructionsoastopromotetherealizationofthefourmodernizations.

Wemustadheretotheopenpolicy.Becauseeconomicrelationsbetweenstatestodayhavebecomeincreasinglyclose,andnocountrycanpossiblyadvancebehindclosedoors.Onlyinthisway,canwegraduallyclosethegapbetweenourcountryandthedevelopedcountries.

Throughtheimplementationofpolicy,wecanlearnadvancedtechnologyandmanagerialexpertisefromabroad;makefulluseoftheforeigncapitalstosetupgreatenterprises;absorbusefulandhealthyideasandnewknowledgeofthemoderncivilization;andbroadenourviewsandraiseourlevelofcompetence.

2.TheplaceofScienceandTechnologyinModernLife.

Humanlifecannotcontinuewithoutscienceandtechnology.Formanyyears,humansocietyhasdevelopedwiththeadvanceofscienceandtechnologywhilethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyhasinturnbroughttheprocesstomankind.Sothelifewearelivingnowismorecivilizedthanthatofourforefathers.

Thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyhavebroughtaboutmanychangesinpeople'slife.Forexample,theinventionoftelevisionandspacerockethaveopenedaneweraformankind.ThroughtheuseofTVpeoplecanhearthesoundandlearntheeventshappeningthousandsofmilesaway.Owingtotheinventionofspaceshipandrocket,thedreamofman'slandingonthemoonhasnowcometrue.

Scienceandtechnologyalsoplayanimportantroleinoursocialistconstruction.Wemaysay,oursocialistconstructionisjustlikeaskyscraper,whilescienceandtechnologyareitsbase.Withoutthebase,theskyscrapercan'tbebuilt.Therefore,weshouldtryourbesttocontributetothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologysoastoprovideamoresolidbasetobuildourcountry.

3.importanceofEducation

China,asadevelopingcountry,isdeterminedtocatchupwithandevensurpassthedevelopedones.Ithinkthatoneofthebestpossiblewaystodosoistogivefirstpriority(优先）tothedevelopmentofculture,scienceandespeciallyeducation.

Inmoderntimes,whenscienceandtechnologyaremakinggreatprogress,theeducationoftheworkforceisofprimaryimportance.Moreover,manyofthesuccessinadvancedcountrieshavedemonstratedthatanation'sprosperitymainlydependsonthequalityofitslabourforce,namelythosewhohavebeenwelleducated.

InadevelopingcountrysuchasChina,ourinvestmentinculture,educationandscience,andespeciallyelementaryeducation,mustenjoytoppriority.Thisiscrucial(决定性的）forChinatocatchupwiththedevelopednationsintoday'ssurging(汹涌的)wavesoftechnologicalrevolution.Otherwise,thegapbetweenChinaandadvancedcountrieswillbewidenedratherthanbridged.

4.AirPollution

Airpollutionisoneofthemajorproblemsofthemodernworld.Agreatdealofenergyisneededtorunthefactoriesofmodernindustrialnations.Automobile,trains,planesandbussesneedenergy,too.Nearlyallofthisenergyisproducedbyburningfuels.Theburningproduceswastes,someofwhichremainintheair,causingairpollution.

Scientistsarefindingwaystostopairpollutionespeciallyinbigindustrialareasanddensely-populatedcities.Theyarestudyingnewwaysofgeneratingelectricitythatmaybelessdamagingtotheenvironment.Inthemeantime,manypowerplantsarebeingmodernizedtogiveofflesspollutedmaterial.Also,engineerstrytodesignandlocatenewpowerplantstodominimumdamagetotheenvironment.

However,itmaybethatwestillhavealongwaytogobeforewehavea"clean"world.Nearlyallofthecountriesaretryinghardtopreventandcontrolairpollution.Thereindeedseemstobenoendtotasksthatenvironmentalistswillberequiredtodo.Peoplewillcontinuallyfindnewwaystocontrolpollution.

5.EnvironmentalProtection

Todaythequalityofournaturalenvironmenthasbecomeanimportantissue.Theworldpopulationisrisingsoquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcesandatthesametimepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.Ifwecontinuetodothis,lifeonearthcannotsurvive.

Concernedpeoplehavemadesomeprogressinenvironmentalprotection.Governmentsofmanycountrieshaveestablishedlawstoprotecttheair,forestsandsearesourcesandtostopenvironmentalpollution.

Stillmoremeasuresshouldbetakentosolveenvironmentalproblems.Peopleshouldbefurthereducatedtorecognizetheimportanceoftheproblems,tousemodernmethodsofbirthcontrol,toconserve(保存）ournaturalresourcesandrecycle（再循环）ourproducts.

Wearesurethatwecanhaveabetterandcleanerplaceinthefuture.

6.Automobiles

Automobiles,asaproductofmoderncivilization,havebeenplayingavitalpartinthedailyactivitiesofhumansociety.Industryneedsautomobilesforfarmingaswellastransportation.Everyday,automobilesdrivepeopletoandfromwork.Onweekendsautomobilestakefamiliesforjoyfuloutings.Andduringholidayseasons,automobilesfillthehighwayseverywhere,eveninremoteareas.Itcouldbesaidthatthewheelsofautomobilesmovesocietyforward.

Butautomobileshavealsogivenrisetoaseriesofproblems.Forexample,citiesareovercrowdedwithautomobiles.Theycreatealotofnoiseandtrafficaccidentswhichdisable（伤残）orkillmanypeopleeachyear.Worstofallperhapsistheairpollutioncausedbytheexhaustgasesproducedbyautomobiles.Someofthegasesarehighlytoxic(有毒的）andaserioushealthhazard.

7.Computer

Thecomputeriswidelyusedinallfieldsofsociety.Today,whereveryougo,youwillfindcomputersbeingused.Forexample,computersareusedinuniversities,largecorporations,andsmalloffices,etc.Ithasevenenteredthehomesofordinarypeople.Asitisabletostoreandprocessalargeamountofinformation,thecomputerbringaboutgreatconvenienceandhighefficiencytopeopleofallwalksoflife.

Computerscanhelppeopleindifferentways.Forexample,computerhelpscientistsinanalyzingdataanddoingcomplexcalculation.Foranotherexample,computersaremadeuseofbyengineersindesigningaplane,oraspaceship.Besides,computersmayalsoplayagreatroleinhelpingchildrenwiththeirlesson.Whateveryouaredoing,youmanyfindcomputerausefulaid.

However,thecomputermustbedesignedandinstructedbyman.Whatismore,itistruethatcomputerscanmakedecisions,buttheyneeddetailedinstructionsandprogramspreparedbyhumanstooperate.Therefore,thecomputercanneverreplacethehumanbrain.

8.Travelling

Itisexcitingtovisitdifferentplaces.Asyoutravel,youwillseebeautifulsceneriestypicaloftheregion.Besides,youcanmeetandmakefriendswithpeopleofdifferentcolorsandraces.Finally,youcangettoknowthecustomsandlivinghabitsofthelocalpeople.Todaypeoplearesofondoftravellingthattourismhasbecomeoneofthefastergrowingindustriesinmostcountries.

Themainreasonwhypeopletravelis,perhaps,forpleasure.Forexample,havingworkedhardthroughouttheweekdays,peoplewillfindawidenedtriptothenearbymountainsorbeachesarealrelaxation.Foranotherexample,spendinganannualholidaytravellingabroadisanespeciallysatisfyingexperienceforthosewhodonothavemuchofanopportunitytobeawayfromtheirhomelands.Whenpeoplereturnfromtheirtravel,theywillgenerallyfeelfreshandenergetic,readytoworkharder.

Travellingisalsooneofthebestmeansforlearning.Youmayhavereadorheardaboutsomethingbutyoucannevergetanaccuratepictureofituntilyouseeitforyourself.Seeingisbelieving.Furthermore,ifyouareacarefulobserver,youcanlearnmuchduringyourtravelaboutthegeography,biology,andhistoryoftheplacesyouvisit.Nomatterhowwelleducatedyouare,thereisalwaysalotforyoutolearnthroughtravelling.Theknowledgeacquiredfromtravel,asyouwillhavefoundinyourlife,isnolessvaluablethanthatfromanyinfluentialreferencebook.

9.TheWorldPopulationExplosion

Thehumanracehasexperiencedaconsistentincreaseinpopulationsincethebeginningofitshistory.Famineanddiseasehavedonelittletooffset(抵消）thissteadyincrease.Toomanypeopleareaddedannuallytothepopulationoftheworld.Soboththecausesofpopulationincreaseandtheresultsofhavingmorepeopleareworthcarefulstudy.

Cultureevolutionisthemajorfactorresponsibleforpopulationincrease.Earlyinhumandevelopment,peopleinventedtoolstohuntanimals.Latertheybuiltshelterstoprotectthemselves.Stepbystep,theymadelifeeasier.Asaresult,fewerdiedfromnaturalforces,suchasharshclimateanddisease.

Inthepast,whenpopulationgrew,therewasunexploredterritorytoinhabit.Butnow,almostallthehabitablelandhasbeenexplored.

Theworld'spopulationmayreach8.7billionin2033.Itisclearthatworldpopulationisaseriousissuethatneedscarefulattention.Humanbeingsareuniquetosolveproblemsthroughculturalevolution.(发展）Facingtheworldpopulationexplosioninthenearfuture.Wemustcarryoutthebirthcontrolprograminordertosavethemankindandsavetheworld.

10.Opening-doorPolicyistheOnlyWaytoMakeChinaStrongModernChinesehistoryleadsustotheconclusionthatsocialism,notcapitalismisbestforChina.ButhowasocialistChinashouldlookatcapitalismandmoreimportantly,makeuseofthebettersideofcapitalismforitsownadvantageisofvital(至关）importancetothecountry.

Asfarasourcountry'seconomicconstructionisconcerned,takingadvantageofthepartofcapitalismthatisusefultousmeansweneedtodevelopforeigntrade,introduceadvancedtechnologyandbettermanagement,andmakeuseofforeignfunds.Italsomeanswecanabsorbsomeoftheeconomictheories,andmakeuseofthoseeconomicpolicies,methodsandmeasuresthatcomplywith(遵循）thelawofmassproductionandacommodityeconomy.

Byopeningourwindowswidertotheoutsideworld,peoplecanlearnmoreaboutotherpeoplesandlearntomakesensiblejudgments.Absorbingthebetterpartoftheculturesofotherpeopletoenrichourselvesisthebestwaytosafeguardoursocialistculture.SotakingadvantageofcapitalismandsteppingupeconomicreformsistheonlywaytomakeChinastrong.Closingthecountytointernationalexchangeswillonlykeepitweak.

11.ChoosinganOccupation

Everyonefacestheproblemofchoosinganoccupationaftergraduationfromcollegeoruniversity,whichplaysavitalroleinhislife.Anappropriateoccupationmakesamanworkwithzest(热情）andvigor,aswellascontributetohiscountry.

Tomakeawisechoice,twoimportantthingsshouldbetakenintoconsideration.Oneistheinterest,theother,thedemandsofpeopleandsociety.Onlyifthetwoaspectsareconnected,canamanshowhistalentandabilitytothebestadvantage.Ifthetwoconflict,theformershouldbeunderthelatter,forthepeople'sinterestsaremoreimportantthantheindividual's.

Inregardtomychoiceinthefuture,Iamfondoflearningforeignlanguages;whatismore,withtheimplementationoftheOpen-DoorPolicy,exchangebetweenhomeandabroadineconomyandculturehasbeengrowingsignificantly,thusI'mdeterminedtobeaqualifiedinterpreter.

12.TheBrainandtheComputer

Somerecentdevelopmentsinthecomputerindustrymakescientistspredictthatthegapbetweenhumanbeingsandmachineswillbeclosedabouttheyear20000.

Tounderstandthesignificanceofthispredictionletuscomparethehumanbrainwithexistingcomputers.Thebrainconsumeselectricalenergyattherateof25wattsandoccupiesavolumeofonetenthofacubicfoot.Thebrainhousesbetween10billionand100billionitemsofinformation.Everybraincellisdirectlyconnectedtomanyothercells.Asaresult,thecellsinwhichinformationisstoredcancommunicatewiththousandsofothercells.

However,thecomputerconsumes1000,000wattsofelectricalpowerandoccupieshundredsofcubicfeetofspace.Itsmillionitemsofimmediatelyaccessibleinformation.Incontrast,thecomputermemoryislikeacellofpigeonholes,withnothinkingcapacityandnoconnectionselsewhere.

Inaword,theelectronicbrainsarehopelesslyinadequateincomparisonwiththehumanbrains.

13.HealthandLife

Asthesayinggoes,youdon’tknowwhathappinessisuntilyouloseit’youdon’tknowwhathealthisuntilyouareill.Healthisofvitalimportancetolife"soundslikeaclichetoeveryone,butitisabsolutelytrue.

Thenegligenceofthedelicatebalanceofyourbodyandsoul,theharmfulhabitssuchassmoking,excessivedrinkingandburningmid-nightoilwillcatchupwithyousomeday.Howmanybigplansareinterruptedbybadhealth!Evenanormallifeisunimaginablewithouttheguaranteeofhealth.

Howtokeepfitisaneternaltopicofdiversityandcontroversy.Regardlessofallthedifferentsuggestionspouredfromallkindsofsources,oneshoulddoatleasttwothingsforhim/herself.First,holdanactiveandoptimisticattitudetowardlifeandmaintainamentalwell-being.Second,livearegularlifeandkeepabalanceddiet.Anyway,ahealthylifeiswithinreachwhenyoubegintoadjustyourmindandbody.

14.EnergyResources

Chinaisrichinvariousenergyresources.Coalandpetroleum,forinstance,aretwomajorones.Theyareessentialindevelopingthecountry'sindustry,scienceandtechnology.Chinahasdoneagreatdealinthepastfewdecadestoraiseitsoutputofcoalandpetroleum.

Threeenergyresourcesarebeinguseduprapidly,Withthebuildingoffourmodernization,newindustrialandscienceprojectsarespringinguplikebambooshootsafterrain.Theyareallbigconsumersofenergyresources.Besidestherehasbeenconsiderablewasteintheutilizationoftheseresources.

Toavoidanenergycrisisinthefuture,thegovernmentmusttakecertainmeasures.First,itshouldletpeopleknowtheimportanceofsavingenergy.Second,effortsshouldbemadetodevelopnewenergyresources,suchassolarenergy,geothermal(地热）energyandsoon.Wehavereasontobeoptimisticinthisrespect.

15.Competition

Competitionmakespeopleoriginalandcreative.Itverynecessarytocompeteifhumansocietywantstoadvance.(Evenanimalscompeteforsurvival.)Withoutit,wewouldbecomelazyandnobodywouldrakeanyresponsibility.Whenthreemonkslivetogether,therewillbenodrinkingwater.ThisChineseproverbvividlydescribeswhyChina'sproductivitywassolowbeforeMrDengcametopower.Atthattime,wehadtheso-calledplannedeconomy.Therewasnocompetitionatall.Soneitherfarmersnorworkersworkedhard.Chinawasontheedgeofcollapse.

Competitioncanstimulatepeopletotrytheirbesttodoanything.Forexample,in100-meterrace,eachsportsmanrunsasquicklyaspossible,tryingtowinthechampion.Thesamethingshappeninoursocietyandinourdailylife.Ifacompanywantstosurpassothers,itmustcompetewiththem.Itmustraiseitsefficiency.Allthecompaniesdoingthiswillnodoubtbenefitthewholesocietyandthewholehumanrace.

Beingastudent,Imustcompetewithotherstudentsinourstudies.ImuststudyhardinallthefieldssothatIcanbeausefulmanwhenIenterthesocietyaftergraduation.

16.Students’Part-timejobs

Therearemanyadvantagesforastudenttohaveaparttimejob.Forinstance,ithelpshimtorealizethatnosuccesscomesfromnothing.Itenableshimtobeindependentandbuildsuphisself-confidence.Therefore,part-timejobscangetthestudentsoutoftheivorytowerandgivethemtheopportunitytoknowmoreofhimselfandofhispersonalvalueinsociety.

Aseverythinghastwosides,thedisadvantagescan’tbeignored.Part-timejobscutintostudents’studytime;someevenbecomesopreoccupiedwithmakingmoneythattheyca‘tfocustheirattentiononstudying.Intheend,thestudentsmayfallbehindorfailintheirstudies.

Inmyopinion,studentscanchoosetotakeupajobaccordingtotheirownsituation.Themostimportantthingisforhimtokeepagoodbalance,puthisstudyontopofthelistandassignanadequateamountoftimetoit.

17.WealthandHappiness

Everybodywantstogetwealth.Intoday’smaterialworld,makingmoneyorbecomingwealthysymbolizesaperson’ssuccessandcapability.Manypeoplejustmakeeveryeffort,payanypricetoattaingreaterwealth.Withmoney,theycanbutnice,largeapartmentsinniceneighborhood;withmoney,theycanownstatelyluxurycars.Wealthseemswithmoney,theycanownstatelyluxurycars.Wealthseemstobringallhappinessinlife.

Inmyopinion,peoplecannotdoanythingwithoutmoney,butmoneyisnoteverything.Whatmoneywillbringyoudependsonyourpersonalbeliefandgoalinlife.Ifyouarekindenoughtohelpothers,especiallythepoor,moneyisagoodthingtoyou.Withit,youcandomuchmoreforthebenefitofpeopleandyourcountry,anditwillandtoyourownhappiness.Ifyouwantmoneyjustforyourownneeds,you’llneverbesatisfiedorhappy.Inaword,youshouldhavemoneyspentformorepeople,onlythencanmoneybethesourceofyourhappiness.

18.Ideals

Everyonehashisideals.Abusinessmanwishestomakegreaterprofit;afarmerexpectsbumperharvests;astudenttriestolearnmoreandbetter.Andeveryonestrives,withmoreorlesseffort,torealizehisideal.

Oneshouldbesensibleaboutwhetherhisidealiswellfoundedornot.Ifitis,onehastoplanandworkhardforitsrealization.Effort,skillandpersistenceareallnecessary.Andveryoften,onehastogethelpfromothers,includingadviceandsupportinoneformoranother.

Myidealistobecomeadoctor,Itissaidthatthefieldofmedicineisawell-paidprofession,butItakeitasaloftyprofessionentrustedwithsavingpeople’slives.TorealizemyidealIhaveconcentratedonlaboratoryworktodeveloptheanalyticalskillsnecessarytobecomeaqualifieddoctor.IamsureIwillrealizemyidealifIpersevereinthispursuit.

19.PopularSportsinChina

Sportsareflourishinginchinanow.Moreandmorepeoplearewillingtotakepartinsportsofdifferentkinds,suchastable-tennis,football,volleyball,andsoon.Everyyeartherearemanymatchesplayedonthecity,provincialornationallevel.Sportsarenolongerlimitedtoafewprofessionalplayers.

Earlyinthemorningpeoplemaybeseendoingexercise.Martialarts(likeChineseboxingorswordplay)whichformerlywerecultivatedforself-defense,nowhavebecomeaformofphysicalexerciseandarepracticedinparks,streets,gardens,oroncampuses.Inadditionyoungandoldpeoplearealsooftenseenrunninginordertobuilduptheirbodies.

Chinapromotessportstoenhancethephysicalconditionofitspeople;sheisformulatingpoliciestoprovideencouragementofthisactivity.Sheawardsprizestotheexcellentplayersforthebestrecordsbothinchinaandtheworld.IntheworldtheChinesehavebecomeastrongpeopleinsteadoftheweaklingsofEastAsia".

20.IsFailureaBadThing?

Failureiswhatoftenhappens.Itiseverywhereinourlife.Studentsmayfailinexams,scientistsmayfailintheirresearchwork,andathletesmayfailincompetitions.

Althoughfailurehappenstoeveryone,attitudestowardsfailurearevarious.Somepeopledon’tthinktheirfailureisaveryimportantthingatall.Sotheypaynoattentiontoit.Asaresult,theywillhavethesamefailureaperiodlater.Somepeoplethinkthemselvesarefoolsandlosetheirheartsineverythingaftertheygetafailure.Consequently,theyspendtheirtimeandenergyonuselessthingsandtheymayreallybefoolsastheyhavethought.

Otherpeoplearequitedifferentfromthetwokindsofpeoplementionedabove.Insteadofbeingdistressedandlost,theydrawalessonfromeveryfailureandbecomemoreexperienced.Afterhardwork,theywillbesuccessfulintheend.Itissaidthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess.Successwillbegainedaftertimesoffailuressolongaswearegoodatdrawinglessonfromourfailures.

Inmyopinion,failureisnotabadthing,thereallybadthingistakingafailureasfailureorevenloseourheartafterfailure.

21.ModernizationofFamilyLife

Withtherapiddevelopmentofthesociety,familylifeisbecomingmodernized.Yearsago,peopleconsideredowingradios,sewingmachines,watchesandbicyclesasbeingmodernized.Butinrecentyears,almostallfamilieshaveTVsets,refrigeratorsandwashingmachines.Itisverycommontoseepeopleridemotorcyclesorevendriveprivatecarsandmoreandmorefamilieshavetelephones,computersandair-conditioners.

Themodernizationoffamilylifebringsusconvenienceandcomfort.OnemayenjoyTVorradioprograms,communicatewithhisfriendsthroughtelephoneorworkwithhiscomputerwhilehiswashingmachine,refrigeratorandair-conditionersarerunning.Andbycarormotorcycleonecanquicklyreachwhereverhewantstogo.

Inspiteofthis,thesemodernfacilitiesalsobringusdisadvantages.Forexample,radiationfromTVsetsandcomputersisharmfultoourhealth;improperdrivingofcarsandmotorcyclesbecomesthemajorcauseoftrafficaccidents.Thequietnessofafamilyisoftendisturbedbyafalsedialingorunwelcomephonecall.Butitisbelievedthatthesedisadvantageswillbedisposedofwiththeimprovementofmodernizationandourlifewillbemorehealthyandmorecomfortable.

1.OnOpenPolicy

Theopenpolicymeansthatourcountryisopentoinvestment,tradeandtechnicalandeconomiccooperationwithothercountriesonthebasisofequalityandmutualbenefit.Thepurposeofopenpolicyistoacquireadvancedtechnology,managementskillstoserveoursocialistconstructionsoastopromotetherealizationofthefourmodernizations.

Wemustadheretotheopenpolicy.Becauseeconomicrelationsbetweenstatestodayhavebecomeincreasinglyclose,andnocountrycanpossiblyadvancebehindclosedoors.Onlyinthisway,canwegraduallyclosethegapbetweenourcountryandthedevelopedcountries.

Throughtheimplementationofpolicy,wecanlearnadvancedtechnologyandmanagerialexpertisefromabroad;makefulluseoftheforeigncapitalstosetupgreatenterprises;absorbusefulandhealthyideasandnewknowledgeofthemoderncivilization;andbroadenourviewsandraiseourlevelofcompetence.

2.TheplaceofScienceandTechnologyinModernLife.

Humanlifecannotcontinuewithoutscienceandtechnology.Formanyyears,humansocietyhasdevelopedwiththeadvanceofscienceandtechnologywhilethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyhasinturnbroughttheprocesstomankind.Sothelifewearelivingnowismorecivilizedthanthatofourforefathers.

Thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyhavebroughtaboutmanychangesinpeople'slife.Forexample,theinventionoftelevisionandspacerockethaveopenedaneweraformankind.ThroughtheuseofTVpeoplecanhearthesoundandlearntheeventshappeningthousandsofmilesaway.Owingtotheinventionofspaceshipandrocket,thedreamofman'slandingonthemoonhasnowcometrue.

Scienceandtechnologyalsoplayanimportantroleinoursocialistconstruction.Wemaysay,oursocialistconstructionisjustlikeaskyscraper,whilescienceandtechnologyareitsbase.Withoutthebase,theskyscrapercan'tbebuilt.Therefore,weshouldtryourbesttocontributetothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologysoastoprovideamoresolidbasetobuildourcountry.

3.importanceofEducation

China,asadevelopingcountry,isdeterminedtocatchupwithandevensurpassthedevelopedones.Ithinkthatoneofthebestpossiblewaystodosoistogivefirstpriority(优先）tothedevelopmentofculture,scienceandespeciallyeducation.

Inmoderntimes,whenscienceandtechnologyaremakinggreatprogress,theeducationoftheworkforceisofprimaryimportance.Moreover,manyofthesuccessinadvancedcountrieshavedemonstratedthatanation'sprosperitymainlydependsonthequalityofitslabourforce,namelythosewhohavebeenwelleducated.

InadevelopingcountrysuchasChina,ourinvestmentinculture,educationandscience,andespeciallyelementaryeducation,mustenjoytoppriority.Thisiscrucial(决定性的）forChinatocatchupwiththedevelopednationsintoday'ssurging(汹涌的)wavesoftechnologicalrevolution.Otherwise,thegapbetweenChinaandadvancedcountrieswillbewidenedratherthanbridged.

4.AirPollution

Airpollutionisoneofthemajorproblemsofthemodernworld.Agreatdealofenergyisneededtorunthefactoriesofmodernindustrialnations.Automobile,trains,planesandbussesneedenergy,too.Nearlyallofthisenergyisproducedbyburningfuels.Theburningproduceswastes,someofwhichremainintheair,causingairpollution.

Scientistsarefindingwaystostopairpollutionespeciallyinbigindustrialareasanddensely-populatedcities.Theyarestudyingnewwaysofgeneratingelectricitythatmaybelessdamagingtotheenvironment.Inthemeantime,manypowerplantsarebeingmodernizedtogiveofflesspollutedmaterial.Also,engineerstrytodesignandlocatenewpowerplantstodominimumdamagetotheenvironment.

However,itmaybethatwestillhavealongwaytogobeforewehavea"clean"world.Nearlyallofthecountriesaretryinghardtopreventandcontrolairpollution.Thereindeedseemstobenoendtotasksthatenvironmentalistswillberequiredtodo.Peoplewillcontinuallyfindnewwaystocontrolpollution.

5.EnvironmentalProtection

Todaythequalityofournaturalenvironmenthasbecomeanimportantissue.Theworldpopulationisrisingsoquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcesandatthesametimepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.Ifwecontinuetodothis,lifeonearthcannotsurvive.

Concernedpeoplehavemadesomeprogressinenvironmentalprotection.Governmentsofmanycountrieshaveestablishedlawstoprotecttheair,forestsandsearesourcesandtostopenvironmentalpollution.

Stillmoremeasuresshouldbetakentosolveenvironmentalproblems.Peopleshouldbefurthereducatedtorecognizetheimportanceoftheproblems,tousemodernmethodsofbirthcontrol,toconserve(保存）ournaturalresourcesandrecycle（再循环）ourproducts.

Wearesurethatwecanhaveabetterandcleanerplaceinthefuture.

6.Automobiles

Automobiles,asaproductofmoderncivilization,havebeenplayingavitalpartinthedailyactivitiesofhumansociety.Industryneedsautomobilesforfarmingaswellastransportation.Everyday,automobilesdrivepeopletoandfromwork.Onweekendsautomobilestakefamiliesforjoyfuloutings.Andduringholidayseasons,automobilesfillthehighwayseverywhere,eveninremoteareas.Itcouldbesaidthatthewheelsofautomobilesmovesocietyforward.

Butautomobileshavealsogivenrisetoaseriesofproblems.Forexample,citiesareovercrowdedwithautomobiles.Theycreatealotofnoiseandtrafficaccidentswhichdisable（伤残）orkillmanypeopleeachyear.Worstofallperhapsistheairpollutioncausedbytheexhaustgasesproducedbyautomobiles.Someofthegasesarehighlytoxic(有毒的）andaserioushealthhazard.

7.Computer

Thecomputeriswidelyusedinallfieldsofsociety.Today,whereveryougo,youwillfindcomputersbeingused.Forexample,computersareusedinuniversities,largecorporations,andsmalloffices,etc.Ithasevenenteredthehomesofordinarypeople.Asitisabletostoreandprocessalargeamountofinformation,thecomputerbringaboutgreatconvenienceandhighefficiencytopeopleofallwalksoflife.

Computerscanhelppeopleindifferentways.Forexample,computerhelpscientistsinanalyzingdataanddoingcomplexcalculation.Foranotherexample,computersaremadeuseofbyengineersindesigningaplane,oraspaceship.Besides,computersmayalsoplayagreatroleinhelpingchildrenwiththeirlesson.Whateveryouaredoing,youmanyfindcomputerausefulaid.

However,thecomputermustbedesignedandinstructedbyman.Whatismore,itistruethatcomputerscanmakedecisions,buttheyneeddetailedinstructionsandprogramspreparedbyhumanstooperate.Therefore,thecomputercanneverreplacethehumanbrain.

8.Travelling

Itisexcitingtovisitdifferentplaces.Asyoutravel,youwillseebeautifulsceneriestypicaloftheregion.Besides,youcanmeetandmakefriendswithpeopleofdifferentcolorsandraces.Finally,youcangettoknowthecustomsandlivinghabitsofthelocalpeople.Todaypeoplearesofondoftravellingthattourismhasbecomeoneofthefastergrowingindustriesinmostcountries.

Themainreasonwhypeopletravelis,perhaps,forpleasure.Forexample,havingworkedhardthroughouttheweekdays,peoplewillfindawidenedtriptothenearbymountainsorbeachesarealrelaxation.Foranotherexample,spendinganannualholidaytravellingabroadisanespeciallysatisfyingexperienceforthosewhodonothavemuchofanopportunitytobeawayfromtheirhomelands.Whenpeoplereturnfromtheirtravel,theywillgenerallyfeelfreshandenergetic,readytoworkharder.

Travellingisalsooneofthebestmeansforlearning.Youmayhavereadorheardaboutsomethingbutyoucannevergetanaccuratepictureofituntilyouseeitforyourself.Seeingisbelieving.Furthermore,ifyouareacarefulobserver,youcanlearnmuchduringyourtravelaboutthegeography,biology,andhistoryoftheplacesyouvisit.Nomatterhowwelleducatedyouare,thereisalwaysalotforyoutolearnthroughtravelling.Theknowledgeacquiredfromtravel,asyouwillhavefoundinyourlife,isnolessvaluablethanthatfromanyinfluentialreferencebook.

9.TheWorldPopulationExplosion

Thehumanracehasexperiencedaconsistentincreaseinpopulationsincethebeginningofitshistory.Famineanddiseasehavedonelittletooffset(抵消）thissteadyincrease.Toomanypeopleareaddedannuallytothepopulationoftheworld.Soboththecausesofpopulationincreaseandtheresultsofhavingmorepeopleareworthcarefulstudy.

Cultureevolutionisthemajorfactorresponsibleforpopulationincrease.Earlyinhumandevelopment,peopleinventedtoolstohuntanimals.Latertheybuiltshelterstoprotectthemselves.Stepbystep,theymadelifeeasier.Asaresult,fewerdiedfromnaturalforces,suchasharshclimateanddisease.

Inthepast,whenpopulationgrew,therewasunexploredterritorytoinhabit.Butnow,almostallthehabitablelandhasbeenexplored.

Theworld'spopulationmayreach8.7billionin2033.Itisclearthatworldpopulationisaseriousissuethatneedscarefulattention.Humanbeingsareuniquetosolveproblemsthroughculturalevolution.(发展）Facingtheworldpopulationexplosioninthenearfuture.Wemustcarryoutthebirthcontrolprograminordertosavethemankindandsavetheworld.

10.Opening-doorPolicyistheOnlyWaytoMakeChinaStrongModernChinesehistoryleadsustotheconclusionthatsocialism,notcapitalismisbestforChina.ButhowasocialistChinashouldlookatcapitalismandmoreimportantly,makeuseofthebettersideofcapitalismforitsownadvantageisofvital(至关）importancetothecountry.

Asfarasourcountry'seconomicconstructionisconcerned,takingadvantageofthepartofcapitalismthatisusefultousmeansweneedtodevelopforeigntrade,introduceadvancedtechnologyandbettermanagement,andmakeuseofforeignfunds.Italsomeanswecanabsorbsomeoftheeconomictheories,andmakeuseofthoseeconomicpolicies,methodsandmeasuresthatcomplywith(遵循）thelawofmassproductionandacommodityeconomy.

Byopeningourwindowswidertotheoutsideworld,peoplecanlearnmoreaboutotherpeoplesandlearntomakesensiblejudgments.Absorbingthebetterpartoftheculturesofotherpeopletoenrichourselvesisthebestwaytosafeguardoursocialistculture.SotakingadvantageofcapitalismandsteppingupeconomicreformsistheonlywaytomakeChinastrong.Closingthecountytointernationalexchangeswillonlykeepitweak.

11.ChoosinganOccupation

Everyonefacestheproblemofchoosinganoccupationaftergraduationfromcollegeoruniversity,whichplaysavitalroleinhislife.Anappropriateoccupationmakesamanworkwithzest(热情）andvigor,aswellascontributetohiscountry.

Tomakeawisechoice,twoimportantthingsshouldbetakenintoconsideration.Oneistheinterest,theother,thedemandsofpeopleandsociety.Onlyifthetwoaspectsareconnected,canamanshowhistalentandabilitytothebestadvantage.Ifthetwoconflict,theformershouldbeunderthelatter,forthepeople'sinterestsaremoreimportantthantheindividual's.

Inregardtomychoiceinthefuture,Iamfondoflearningforeignlanguages;whatismore,withtheimplementationoftheOpen-DoorPolicy,exchangebetweenhomeandabroadineconomyandculturehasbeengrowingsignificantly,thusI'mdeterminedtobeaqualifiedinterpreter.

12.TheBrainandtheComputer

Somerecentdevelopmentsinthecomputerindustrymakescientistspredictthatthegapbetweenhumanbeingsandmachineswillbeclosedabouttheyear20000.

Tounderstandthesignificanceofthispredictionletuscomparethehumanbrainwithexistingcomputers.Thebrainconsumeselectricalenergyattherateof25wattsandoccupiesavolumeofonetenthofacubicfoot.Thebrainhousesbetween10billionand100billionitemsofinformation.Everybraincellisdirectlyconnectedtomanyothercells.Asaresult,thecellsinwhichinformationisstoredcancommunicatewiththousandsofothercells.

However,thecomputerconsumes1000,000wattsofelectricalpowerandoccupieshundredsofcubicfeetofspace.Itsmillionitemsofimmediatelyaccessibleinformation.Incontrast,thecomputermemoryislikeacellofpigeonholes,withnothinkingcapacityandnoconnectionselsewhere.

Inaword,theelectronicbrainsarehopelesslyinadequateincomparisonwiththehumanbrains.

13.HealthandLife

Asthesayinggoes,youdon’tknowwhathappinessisuntilyouloseit’youdon’tknowwhathealthisuntilyouareill.Healthisofvitalimportancetolife"soundslikeaclichetoeveryone,butitisabsolutelytrue.

Thenegligenceofthedelicatebalanceofyourbodyandsoul,theharmfulhabitssuchassmoking,excessivedrinkingandburningmid-nightoilwillcatchupwithyousomeday.Howmanybigplansareinterruptedbybadhealth!Evenanormallifeisunimaginablewithouttheguaranteeofhealth.

Howtokeepfitisaneternaltopicofdiversityandcontroversy.Regardlessofallthedifferentsuggestionspouredfromallkindsofsources,oneshoulddoatleasttwothingsforhim/herself.First,holdanactiveandoptimisticattitudetowardlifeandmaintainamentalwell-being.Second,livearegularlifeandkeepabalanceddiet.Anyway,ahealthylifeiswithinreachwhenyoubegintoadjustyourmindandbody.

14.EnergyResources

Chinaisrichinvariousenergyresources.Coalandpetroleum,forinstance,aretwomajorones.Theyareessentialindevelopingthecountry'sindustry,scienceandtechnology.Chinahasdoneagreatdealinthepastfewdecadestoraiseitsoutputofcoalandpetroleum.

Threeenergyresourcesarebeinguseduprapidly,Withthebuildingoffourmodernization,newindustrialandscienceprojectsarespringinguplikebambooshootsafterrain.Theyareallbigconsumersofenergyresources.Besidestherehasbeenconsiderablewasteintheutilizationoftheseresources.

Toavoidanenergycrisisinthefuture,thegovernmentmusttakecertainmeasures.First,itshouldletpeopleknowtheimportanceofsavingenergy.Second,effortsshouldbemadetodevelopnewenergyresources,suchassolarenergy,geothermal(地热）energyandsoon.Wehavereasontobeoptimisticinthisrespect.

15.Competition

Competitionmakespeopleoriginalandcreative.Itverynecessarytocompeteifhumansocietywantstoadvance.(Evenanimalscompeteforsurvival.)Withoutit,wewouldbecomelazyandnobodywouldrakeanyresponsibility.Whenthreemonkslivetogether,therewillbenodrinkingwater.ThisChineseproverbvividlydescribeswhyChina'sproductivitywassolowbeforeMrDengcametopower.Atthattime,wehadtheso-calledplannedeconomy.Therewasnocompetitionatall.Soneitherfarmersnorworkersworkedhard.Chinawasontheedgeofcollapse.

Competitioncanstimulatepeopletotrytheirbesttodoanything.Forexample,in100-meterrace,eachsportsmanrunsasquicklyaspossible,tryingtowinthechampion.Thesamethingshappeninoursocietyandinourdailylife.Ifacompanywantstosurpassothers,itmustcompetewiththem.Itmustraiseitsefficiency.Allthecompaniesdoingthiswillnodoubtbenefitthewholesocietyandthewholehumanrace.

Beingastudent,Imustcompetewithotherstudentsinourstudies.ImuststudyhardinallthefieldssothatIcanbeausefulmanwhenIenterthesocietyaftergraduation.

16.Students’Part-timejobs

Therearemanyadvantagesforastudenttohaveaparttimejob.Forinstance,ithelpshimtorealizethatnosuccesscomesfromnothing.Itenableshimtobeindependentandbuildsuphisself-confidence.Therefore,part-timejobscangetthestudentsoutoftheivorytowerandgivethemtheopportunitytoknowmoreofhimselfandofhispersonalvalueinsociety.

Aseverythinghastwosides,thedisadvantagescan’tbeignored.Part-timejobscutintostudents’studytime;someevenbecomesopreoccupiedwithmakingmoneythattheyca‘tfocustheirattentiononstudying.Intheend,thestudentsmayfallbehindorfailintheirstudies.

Inmyopinion,studentscanchoosetotakeupajobaccordingtotheirownsituation.Themostimportantthingisforhimtokeepagoodbalance,puthisstudyontopofthelistandassignanadequateamountoftimetoit.

17.WealthandHappiness

Everybodywantstogetwealth.Intoday’smaterialworld,makingmoneyorbecomingwealthysymbolizesaperson’ssuccessandcapability.Manypeoplejustmakeeveryeffort,payanypricetoattaingreaterwealth.Withmoney,theycanbutnice,largeapartmentsinniceneighborhood;withmoney,theycanownstatelyluxurycars.Wealthseemswithmoney,theycanownstatelyluxurycars.Wealthseemstobringallhappinessinlife.

Inmyopinion,peoplecannotdoanythingwithoutmoney,butmoneyisnoteverything.Whatmoneywillbringyoudependsonyourpersonalbeliefandgoalinlife.Ifyouarekindenoughtohelpothers,especiallythepoor,moneyisagoodthingtoyou.Withit,youcandomuchmoreforthebenefitofpeopleandyourcountry,anditwillandtoyourownhappiness.Ifyouwantmoneyjustforyourownneeds,you’llneverbesatisfiedorhappy.Inaword,youshouldhavemoneyspentformorepeople,onlythencanmoneybethesourceofyourhappiness.

18.Ideals

Everyonehashisideals.Abusinessmanwishestomakegreaterprofit;afarmerexpectsbumperharvests;astudenttriestolearnmoreandbetter.Andeveryonestrives,withmoreorlesseffort,torealizehisideal.

Oneshouldbesensibleaboutwhetherhisidealiswellfoundedornot.Ifitis,onehastoplanandworkhardforitsrealization.Effort,skillandpersistenceareallnecessary.Andveryoften,onehastogethelpfromothers,includingadviceandsupportinoneformoranother.

Myidealistobecomeadoctor,Itissaidthatthefieldofmedicineisawell-paidprofession,butItakeitasaloftyprofessionentrustedwithsavingpeople’slives.TorealizemyidealIhaveconcentratedonlaboratoryworktodeveloptheanalyticalskillsnecessarytobecomeaqualifieddoctor.IamsureIwillrealizemyidealifIpersevereinthispursuit.

19.PopularSportsinChina

Sportsareflourishinginchinanow.Moreandmorepeoplearewillingtotakepartinsportsofdifferentkinds,suchastable-tennis,football,volleyball,andsoon.Everyyeartherearemanymatchesplayedonthecity,provincialornationallevel.Sportsarenolongerlimitedtoafewprofessionalplayers.

Earlyinthemorningpeoplemaybeseendoingexercise.Martialarts(likeChineseboxingorswordplay)whichformerlywerecultivatedforself-defense,nowhavebecomeaformofphysicalexerciseandarepracticedinparks,streets,gardens,oroncampuses.Inadditionyoungandoldpeoplearealsooftenseenrunninginordertobuilduptheirbodies.

Chinapromotessportstoenhancethephysicalconditionofitspeople;sheisformulatingpoliciestoprovideencouragementofthisactivity.Sheawardsprizestotheexcellentplayersforthebestrecordsbothinchinaandtheworld.IntheworldtheChinesehavebecomeastrongpeopleinsteadoftheweaklingsofEastAsia".

20.IsFailureaBadThing?

Failureiswhatoftenhappens.Itiseverywhereinourlife.Studentsmayfailinexams,scientistsmayfailintheirresearchwork,andathletesmayfailincompetitions.

Althoughfailurehappenstoeveryone,attitudestowardsfailurearevarious.Somepeopledon’tthinktheirfailureisaveryimportantthingatall.Sotheypaynoattentiontoit.Asaresult,theywillhavethesamefailureaperiodlater.Somepeoplethinkthemselvesarefoolsandlosetheirheartsineverythingaftertheygetafailure.Consequently,theyspendtheirtimeandenergyonuselessthingsandtheymayreallybefoolsastheyhavethought.

Otherpeoplearequitedifferentfromthetwokindsofpeoplementionedabove.Insteadofbeingdistressedandlost,theydrawalessonfromeveryfailureandbecomemoreexperienced.Afterhardwork,theywillbesuccessfulintheend.Itissaidthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess.Successwillbegainedaftertimesoffailuressolongaswearegoodatdrawinglessonfromourfailures.

Inmyopinion,failureisnotabadthing,thereallybadthingistakingafailureasfailureorevenloseourheartafterfailure.

21.ModernizationofFamilyLife

Withtherapiddevelopmentofthesociety,familylifeisbecomingmodernized.Yearsago,peopleconsideredowingradios,sewingmachines,watchesandbicyclesasbeingmodernized.Butinrecentyears,almostallfamilieshaveTVsets,refrigeratorsandwashingmachines.Itisverycommontoseepeopleridemotorcyclesorevendriveprivatecarsandmoreandmorefamilieshavetelephones,computersandair-conditioners.

Themodernizationoffamilylifebringsusconvenienceandcomfort.OnemayenjoyTVorradioprograms,communicatewithhisfriendsthroughtelephoneorworkwithhiscomputerwhilehiswashingmachine,refrigeratorandair-conditionersarerunning.Andbycarormotorcycleonecanquicklyreachwhereverhewantstogo.

Inspiteofthis,thesemodernfacilitiesalsobringusdisadvantages.Forexample,radiationfromTVsetsandcomputersisharmfultoourhealth;improperdrivingofcarsandmotorcyclesbecomesthemajorcauseoftrafficaccidents.Thequietnessofafamilyisoftendisturbedbyafalsedialingorunwelcomephonecall.Butitisbelievedthatthesedisadvantageswillbedisposedofwiththeimprovementofmodernizationandourlifewillbemorehealthyandmorecomfortable.